Kutheni i-SWaP ibalulekile: Ukukhetha i-Antenna eKhawulezayo echasene nokuxinana kwee-UAV ezincinci

Izithuthi ezincinci ezingenabantu (ii-UAV) ziya zisiba zibaluleke ngakumbi kumashishini amaninzi, kuquka imaphu, ukuhlolwa, ezolimo, ukhuseleko, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezokhuselo. Njengoko imisebenzi ye-UAV isiya inzima, ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya okuthembekileyo kuye kwaba yimfuneko ephambili. Inkqubo yokumisa ezinzileyo ivumela ii-drones ukuba zibhabhe ngokuchanekileyo, zigqibe imisebenzi ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye zigcine ukusebenza kakuhle.

Nangona kunjalo, ii-UAV ezincinci zijongene nomceli mngeni omkhulu: indawo encinci, umthamo omncinci womthwalo, kunye namandla ebhetri alinganiselweyo. Yonke into efakwe kwi-drone kufuneka ikhethwe ngononophelo kuba ubunzima obongezelelweyo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunokuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixesha lokubhabha kunye nokusebenza.

Yingakho i-SWaP — Ubungakanani, Ubunzima, kunye namandla — iye yaba yinto ebalulekileyo yoyilo lweenkqubo ze-UAV zanamhlanje.

Kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa, i-antenna yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo. I-Antenna ye-Anti-jamming esebenza kakuhle inokukhusela imiqondiso yokuhamba ekuphazamisekeni kwaye incede ekugcineni indawo ezinzileyo. Nangona kunjalo, iinjineli kufuneka zifumane ibhalansi efanelekileyo phakathi kobuchule bokuthintela ukuxinana kunye noyilo oluncinci.

Ukukhetha i-antenna efanelekileyo akuthethi nje ukukhetha esona sisombululo sinamandla, kodwa kukufumana ukusebenza okungcono ngaphakathi kwemida engqongqo ye-SWaP.

 

Yintoni i-SWaP kwaye kutheni ibalulekile kwii-UAV ezincinci?

I-SWaP imele izinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo:

• Ubungakanani: Ingakanani indawo ebonakalayo efunekayo kwicandelo.
• Ubunzima: Ubungakanani bomthwalo owongezelelweyo obongezwa yicandelo kwi-UAV.
• Amandla: Ubungakanani bamandla asetyenziswa yinxalenye ngexesha lokusebenza.

Kwinqwelo-moya ezinkulu okanye izithuthi zomhlaba, ezi zinto zisenokungabi namiqathango ingako. Nangona kunjalo, kwiinqwelo-moya ezincinci ezinamaphiko azinzileyo, nokuba nokunyuka okuncinci kobunzima kunokunciphisa ukunyamezela kokubhabha.

Idrone enzima ifuna amandla angakumbi ukuze iqhubeke ibhabha. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphezulu kunciphisa ubomi bebhetri. Kwangaxeshanye, indawo encinci yokufaka yenza kube nzima ukudibanisa ii-antenna ezinkulu okanye iinkqubo ze-elektroniki ezintsonkothileyo.

Ngoko ke, abayili be-UAV kufuneka bahlole ngononophelo yonke into, ingakumbi ii-antenna zokuhambisa.

I-Antenna esebenzayo yokulwa nokuphazamiseka kwe-jamming kufuneka inike ukhuseleko oluqinileyo lokuphazamisa ngelixa ilula, incinci, kwaye igcina amandla kakuhle.

 

Kutheni ii-UAV ezincinci zifuna ii-Antennas ezichasene nokuxinana?

Iinkqubo zokuhamba ngesathelayithi ezifana neGPS, iBeiDou, iGalileo, kunye nezinye iinkqubo zeGNSS zibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo lokubeka indawo kwimisebenzi ye-UAV. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zokuhamba ezifunyanwa kwiisathelayithi zihlala zibuthathaka xa zifika emhlabeni okanye kwindawo yomoya.

Ngenxa yoku, banokuchaphazeleka ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuphazamiseka, kuquka ukuxinana ngabom okanye ingxolo ye-electromagnetic ngengozi.

Xa i-UAV ilahlekelwa ziimpawu zokukhangela ezinokuthenjwa, kunokubakho iingxaki ezininzi:

• Ukuchaneka kokubeka indawo okuncitshisiweyo
• Ulawulo lwendiza olungazinzanga
• Ukungaphumeleli komsebenzi
• Iingozi zokhuseleko ezikhulayo

I-antenna yesiqhelo enye ingafumana imiqondiso yokuhamba, kodwa amandla ayo okusingatha ukuphazamiseka okukhulu anqongophele.

I-Antenna echasene nokuxinana kwezixhobo iphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo ngokusebenzisa uyilo oluphambili ukunciphisa iimpawu ezingafunekiyo kunye nokugcina unxibelelwano neesathelayithi zokuhamba.

Umzekelo, ii-antenna arrays ezincinci zingasebenzisa izinto ezininzi ze-antenna kunye neendlela zokucubungula imiqondiso ukuchonga izikhokelo zokuphazamiseka kunye nokucinezela imiqondiso engafunekiyo. Ii-antenna ezincinci ezine-array arrays zifundwa ngokubanzi kuba zinokubonelela ngokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka okuphuculweyo ngelixa zigcina isakhiwo sincinci. (Iphephandaba leYunivesithi yaseCambridge kunye noVavanyo)

 

I-Antenna yeArray yezinto ezine vs. I-Antenna yento enye: Ukufumana ibhalansi echanekileyo

Xa ukhetha i-Antenna echasene nokuxinana kwee-UAV ezincinci, iinjineli zihlala zithelekisa izisombululo ezibini:

• Ii-antenna eziqinileyo ezine-array
• Ii-antenna zento enye ezilula

Ukhetho ngalunye luneengenelo ezahlukeneyo.

I-Antenna eNcinci yeArray yeziNto ezine: Ukusebenza okuqinileyo kokulwa nokuxinana

I-antenna enezixhobo ezine isebenzisa iiyunithi ezininzi ze-antenna ezisebenzisanayo. Ngokuhlalutya umahluko phakathi kwemiqondiso efunyenweyo, inkqubo inokuchonga ngcono imithombo yokuphazamiseka kwaye inciphise impembelelo yayo.

Iingenelo eziphambili ziquka:

1. Ukuthintela okungcono kokuphazamiseka

Izinto ezininzi ze-antenna zibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya lokucubungula isignali. Inkqubo ingenza iziphumo zokucoca kwicala, inciphise ukuphazamiseka okuvela kwiindlela ezithile.

Oku kwenza ukuba ii-array ezine-element zilungele ii-UAV ezisebenza kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo ze-electromagnetic apho ukuthembeka kokuhambahamba kubalulekile.

2. Uzinzo oluPhezulu lokuHamba

Xa kukho ukuphazamiseka, inkqubo yezinto ezininzi inokuqhubeka nokufumana imiqondiso yesathelayithi eluncedo ngakumbi xa ithelekiswa ne-antenna elula.

Kwizicelo zee-UAV zobungcali, olu khuselo longezelelweyo lunokuphucula amazinga empumelelo yomsebenzi.

3. Ukuphucula Ukuguquguquka

Uyilo lwe-compact array lunokuxhasa ii-algorithms eziphambili ezilungisa ukucutshungulwa kwesignali ngokweemeko ezitshintshayo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi zibonelelo ziza nemingeni.

Uluhlu lwezinto ezine ludla ngokufuna:

• Izinto ezingakumbi ze-antenna
• Iitshaneli zeRF ezingaphezulu
• Izixhobo ze-elektroniki ezintsonkothileyo ngakumbi
• Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphezulu
• Umsebenzi ongakumbi wokulinganisa

Oku kuthetha ukuba iinjineli kufuneka zilungise uyilo ngononophelo ukuze zinganyusi umthwalo we-SWaP ye-UAV.

 

I-Antenna yento enye: Ukhetho olukhaphukhaphu nolusebenzayo

I-antenna enento enye inesakhiwo esilula kakhulu.

Iingenelo zayo eziphambili ziquka:

• Ubungakanani obuncinci
• Ubunzima obuphantsi
• Iimfuno zamandla aphantsi
• Ukufakela okulula
• Ixabiso eliphantsi lenkqubo

Kwii-UAV ezincinci ezisebenza kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko omncinci wokuphazamiseka, i-antenna yento enye inokubonelela ngokwaneleyo ukusebenza kokuhamba.

Ifanelekile ngokukodwa kwizicelo apho ukunyamezela ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunye nomthamo womthwalo wemithwalo zezona zinto ziphambili.

Nangona kunjalo, umda ucacile: i-antenna enye inamandla ambalwa xa ijongene nokuphazamiseka okukhulu. Ngaphandle kweendlela ezininzi zesignali, kunzima ngakumbi ukuchonga nokuthintela imithombo yokuxinana.

Ngoko ke, ukukhetha i-antenna yento enye kufuna uphononongo olucokisekileyo lwemeko yokusebenza.

 

Indlela yokukhetha i-Antenna echasene nokuxinana efanelekileyo kwizicelo ze-UAV

Isisombululo se-antenna esingcono sixhomekeke kwiimfuno zomsebenzi we-UAV.

Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe i-Antenna echasene nokuqhuma, iinjineli kufuneka ziqwalasele ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Indawo yoMsebenzi

Iza kusebenza phi i-UAV?

Ukuba idrone isebenza kwiindawo ezivulekileyo ezinemiqondiso yokuhamba ezinzileyo, isisombululo esilula sinokwanela.

Ukuba isebenza kwiindawo apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka, i-antenna encinci inokubonelela ngokhuseleko olungcono.

2. Iimfuneko zeXesha lokuHamba ngenqwelo-moya

Kwimisebenzi yexesha elide, ukunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla kubalulekile.

Inkqubo ye-antenna ekhaphukhaphu inokunceda ukwandisa ubomi bebhetri nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.

3. Umthamo woMthwalo

Ii-UAV ezincinci ezinamaphiko azinzileyo zihlala zinemida engqongqo yomthwalo. I-antenna kufuneka ilingane kwindawo ekhoyo ngaphandle kokuchaphazela ibhalansi yenqwelo-moya.

4. Iimfuneko zokuchaneka kokuhamba

Ezinye izicelo zifuna indawo echanekileyo kakhulu, njengokuhlola, ukumaphu, kunye nokubhabha ngokuzimela.

Kwezi meko, ukutyala imali kubuchule obuqinileyo bokulwa nokuphazamiseka kunokubonelela ngexabiso elingcono lexesha elide.

 

Ukuphucula ubuNjineli: Ukufezekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu nge-SWaP ephantsi

Uphuhliso lwe-antenna lwanamhlanje lugxile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza ngaphandle kokwandisa ubungakanani benkqubo.

Iindlela eziphambili zokwenza ngcono ziquka:

• Izakhiwo ze-antenna ezincinci
• Uyilo lwe-elektroniki olusebenzisa amandla aphantsi
• Ii-algorithms zokucubungula isignali ezisebenzayo
• Izixhobo ezikhaphukhaphu
• Uyilo lwenkqubo oludibeneyo

Injongo ayikokwenza nje i-antenna ibe ncinci. Injongo kukugcina ukusebenza okuthembekileyo kokuhambahamba ngelixa kunciphisa impembelelo kwiqonga le-UAV.

I-Antenna eyilwe kakuhle yokulwa nokuxinana kufuneka ibonelele ngokulinganisela okusebenzayo phakathi kokhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuguquguquka kokudibanisa.

 

Isiphelo: I-SWaP yiNtloko yoKuhamba nge-UAV ekrelekrele ngakumbi

Kwii-UAV ezincinci, igram nganye kunye newatt nganye ibalulekile.

Ukusebenza okuphezulu I-Antenna echasene nokuxinanakufuneka boyise umngeni onzima: ukubonelela ngokhuseleko oluqinileyo lokuphazamiseka ngelixa behlangabezana neemfuno zobukhulu obuqinileyo, ubunzima, kunye namandla.

Ii-antenna eziqinileyo ezine-array zinika amandla aqinileyo okulwa nokuphazamiseka kwesandi kwaye zilungele imisebenzi enzima. Ii-antenna ezine-single-element zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezintle ze-SWaP kwizicelo ezilula.

Ukhetho olufanelekileyo luxhomekeke kumsebenzi we-UAV, indawo engqongileyo, kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

Njengoko iteknoloji ye-UAV iqhubeka nophuhliso, izisombululo ze-antenna ezidibanisa uyilo olukhaphukhaphu, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi, kunye nokusebenza okuthembekileyo kokulwa nokuphazamiseka kuya kudlala indima ebaluleke ngakumbi kwixesha elizayo lokubhabha okuzimeleyo.